Recent data indicates that M-Pox transmission in Pakistan is shifting from imported infections to locally acquired cases, raising concerns among health authorities about possible community spread.
In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 28 confirmed M-Pox cases were reported between August 2024 and April 2026, including eight cases recorded during 2026 and one related death. The most recent case involved a one-and-a-half-month-old infant, classified as locally transmitted, suggesting infection within household or close-contact environments rather than travel exposure.
Earlier cases in the province were largely linked to international travel, particularly from Gulf countries. However, several recent patients had no travel history and, in some instances, the source of infection could not be traced, indicating emerging local transmission alongside imported cases.
Similar trends have been observed in other provinces. Sindh reported 122 suspected cases by mid-April 2026, with 25 laboratory-confirmed infections and nine deaths. Khairpur remained the main hotspot, followed by Karachi and Sukkur. Health officials noted clusters affecting newborns and children, prompting intensified investigations and contact tracing measures.
Punjab has also recorded an increase in infections during 2026. Official reports cited at least 26 confirmed cases earlier in the year, while later provincial updates indicated higher suspected and confirmed case numbers, including continued reporting from Lahore.
Health experts say Pakistan is now facing a dual challenge — imported infections through travel and secondary spread within households and communities. Laboratory testing has identified both clade I and clade II variants of the virus, suggesting multiple introductions into the country.
The National Institute of Health and provincial health departments have strengthened surveillance, healthcare worker training, and screening at entry points while issuing national advisories to improve early detection and reporting.
Officials emphasize that individuals with fever and rash symptoms should seek medical evaluation promptly, as absence of travel history no longer rules out M-Pox infection.
