Russia’s Supreme Court has outlawed the so-called “International Satanist Movement” after declaring it an extremist organization, a decision that takes effect immediately. Under Russia’s extremism laws, anyone convicted of organizing a banned extremist group can face up to 10 years in prison, while participation is punishable by up to six years. Recruiting others into such an organization carries a maximum sentence of eight years.

The ruling came after Russia’s Prosecutor General’s Office and the Ministry of Justice asked the court to classify the movement as extremist. Officials argue that it promotes hostility toward traditional religions and have associated it with violent offenses, neo-Nazi ideology, and attacks on places of worship.

The decision has also generated controversy because critics say there is no publicly recognized organization operating under the name “International Satanist Movement” with an identifiable leadership, membership, or formal structure. They argue that the designation is vague and could be interpreted broadly.

Rights advocates and legal observers have warned that the ruling may allow authorities to investigate or prosecute people based on symbols, beliefs, or cultural expression rather than involvement in criminal activity. They say the lack of a clearly defined organization raises questions about how the ban will be enforced.

Russian officials reject those concerns, saying the measure is part of the country’s ongoing efforts to counter extremist ideologies and safeguard public order, national security, and social stability.

The case has renewed debate over the balance between combating extremism and protecting freedom of belief and expression, with critics arguing that broad legal definitions can significantly expand the scope of enforcement.