A new report by the Labour Education Foundation and Dutch rights organisation Arisa has identified widespread labour rights violations in Pakistan’s textile recycling industry, raising concerns over working conditions linked to global fast fashion supply chains.

The study examined 20 major international fashion brands and found that most companies using recycled textiles have limited visibility over labour conditions and wages at the lower levels of their supply chains. The report said this gap contrasts with the industry’s emphasis on “circular economy” and sustainability claims.

Field research conducted in industrial hubs including Faisalabad and Karachi found workers facing low wages, unsafe environments and extended working hours, often up to 12 hours a day, seven days a week. Many workers reportedly operate without formal contracts, payslips, job security or social protection.

The report also highlighted occupational safety risks, including exposure to dust, heat, chemicals and unguarded machinery, often without adequate training or protective equipment. It said these conditions were linked to respiratory illnesses, skin problems, eye irritation and workplace injuries.

Researchers further noted that a significant share of the workforce comprises migrant labourers and members of marginalised communities. In some cases, instances of child labour were also documented. Limited employment opportunities were cited as a factor forcing workers into low-paying and insecure jobs.

The organisations behind the report have called on global fashion brands to fully map their recycling supply chains and ensure compliance with labour standards, including safe working conditions and fair wages, stating that environmental sustainability efforts must not come at the cost of workers’ rights.